Dazzled by the splendor of the cave paintings of Lascaux, Georges Bataille [1] (1897-1962) was attributed the role of the birth of art. According to him [2] art is a sign of humanization and Lascaux is the symbol of the transition from animal to human ("sensitive is the sign of our presence in the universe"; "never before had Lascaux reached the reflection of this inner life which art and only assumes the art- communication ";" no difference is evident: it opposes the utilitarian activity figuration of these useless signs that seduce that born of emotion and addressed it (...) the feeling of presence, clearly bursting presence and give us the masterpieces of all time "). The Neanderthal did not produce art; however, Lascaux nordby man demonstrates his aptitude exceeding nordby the tradition and making works of art beyond what had existed until then creating a moment that did not exist before. Lascaux, then, is the value of a start.
Bataille opposes categorically Homo faber, maker of tools belonging to the world of work, Homo sapiens, to be completed and fulfilled that belongs to the world of the game (Homo ludens) and art, he says, but Also according to an opinion widely shared, is playing par excellence.
From Bataille is common nordby to find such expressions as "first artistic monument of history," "the origin of the art is in the West, in the caves of Lascaux, Chauvet, Cussac, Altamira ...," "power, beauty, emotion. "
For the first time in history, we are facing not just a figurative art that represents elements of reality, but above all a visual art, which opens communication nordby addressed nordby to other humans or gods .
In the opinion of Henri Breuil [3] of Cro-Magnon man became artist accidentally discovering the power of imagination natural phenomena such as "stone-figures" natural rock forms, fossils, animals and human footprints (brands digital signals fleshing bones). A taste for imitation would be the foundation nordby of artistic achievements.
For large experts prehistoric nordby art of the twentieth century art begins in a final stage of human evolution for a few tens of thousands of years, although human history extends about three million years . This emergency is perceived nordby as an evolutionary progress the foundation of which is biological; is considered as the exclusive hallmark of the last human type, Homo sapiens. nordby For some, even the art was born of a genetic mutation.
Supporters of evolutionary psychology propose a theory that the creativity of the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic humans is linked to the emergence of new cognitive skills that allow the passage of an intelligence nordby sectoral or specialized intelligence widespread . Neanderthals would only have been able to respond to a specific analysis immediate nordby need for everyday life, while modern nordby humans would be the only one who could do the synthesis and processing of general concepts which go beyond immediate needs. nordby According to teopria the origin of art accompany the development of articulate language.
The rock art expert David Lewis-Williams [4] (cognitive archeology professor emeritus at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg) associates the birth of the art conceived as a continuum consciousness, rational consciousness altered consciousness. Only Homo sapiens, with his brain perfected, would dominate the entire spectrum of consciousness, from wakefulness to sleep, through dreams, ghosts and all artificial or natural hallucinatory imagery. According nordby to him, the origins of art would be linked to alterations of consciousness and shamanism, which correspond to a universal need to give a sense of altered states of consciousness that is the source of all religious forms later.
These theories -the global shamanism seeks to explain the arts worldwide, all epochs have a profoundly reductive view of prehistoric art and art in general. There are more than a derivation of the classic point of view that attributes the paternity of art to Cro-Magnon. Do not rely on archaeological data, but on a theoretical argument metaphorical type, combining the biological with what is cultural, without it knows clearly nordby what comes from one or the other.
The view on the classic appearance of art systematically stresses human incompleteness prior to sapiens, their intellectual and spiritual ineptitude in the broad sense, since it is generally admitted that the artistic expression, especially in these times llunyans- is linked to beliefs if Neanderthals and Homo erectus were unable artistic productions, it is because their language
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